新世纪以来中国对拉美援助和投资的减贫效应研究

Poverty Reduction Effect of China's Foreign Aid and Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean since the New Century

新世纪以来,中国通过援助和投资并举的方式推动中拉合作减贫,主要特征为基础设施优先发展,经济增长与"能促型"减贫相结合,国有资本主导和市场参与相结合。中国援助与投资整体上有助于拉美国家减贫,但不同类型援助和投资的减贫效应有所差别。在"一带一路"倡议背景下,中拉合作开发潜力较大,但同时也面临诸多挑战,拉美国家政府治理能力、市场效率、援助和投资碎片化以及中国对外合作开发能力不足等问题,影响了中拉合作减贫的持续推进。对此,中国需要不断完善多渠道合作融资模式,平衡基础设施建设与"能促型"减贫之间的关系,加强中拉政府治理能力和市场制度建设交流,构建"弘义融利、开放包容"的对外合作开发体系,持续推进中拉合作减贫。

China contributes to poverty reduction in Latin America in ways of foreign aid and investment,with infrastructure construction as a breakthrough and state-owned capital as the main force,which generally promotes economic growth and poverty reduction of Latin American and Caribbean(LAC)countries.However,different types of aid and investment generate different poverty reduction effects.In the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative,the joint construction of China and LAC countries will witness more growth potential,but also many challenges.Problems such as government corruption,low market efficiency,fragmentation of foreign aid and investment and China's insufficient capacity in international affairs,to some extent,impede the advancement of cooperation between China and LAC countries in fighting poverty.Therefore,China should continuously improve the multichannel model for cooperation and financing,make a reasonable balance between infrastructure construction and the capacity promotion poverty reduction projects,and strengthen exchange and cooperation with LAC countries in governance capacity and market system construction,with the aim to build a foreign aid and development system characterized by openness and inclusiveness,and to promote cooperation in poverty reduction between China and LAC countries.