建筑在中国墨西哥竹子技术转移中的作用——对乡村旅游业的直接影响

The Role of Architecture during the Bamboo Tech-Transfer China to Mexico:Direct Implication in Rural Tourism

竹子作为一种可产出功能最多样产品的植物,因其经济、生态和社会效益被国际社会广泛认可。但整体而言,全球竹产业仍处于发展初期,没有哪一个国家充分实现其产业潜力。竹材作为一种建筑材料,被证明是振兴欠发达地区强有力的先锋,是发展乡村旅游的主要抓手。文章对比了中国和墨西哥的竹产业发展现状。中国虽然是世界第一的竹子生产国,但仍有许多社区因快速的城市化而在减少其竹资源;而在墨西哥,虽然有理想的生态环境和市场条件,但由于缺乏联邦政府的支持,竹产业仍然不发达。在这两种产业状况下,竹建筑将成为进一步促进竹子发展的关键工具。文章以中国的2个竹建筑建设项目为例阐述了竹建筑在发展乡村旅游中的作用。在墨西哥,竹建筑可以作为从中国引进竹技术的桥梁,也有助于新政府实施政治体制改革,加强民族认同感。文章认为,无论是竹产业处于起步阶段的墨西哥,还是竹产业相对完善的中国,建设具有吸引力的竹建筑对于振兴乡村旅游都是可行的,同时可以激发当地居民管理其竹资源的热情。

Bamboo,one of the most multi-functional products available,is growing fast in international recognition for its economic,ecologic and social benefits. However,in general,it is in early stage of development and no country has fulfilled its whole industrial potential. As a building material,bamboo is proving to be a strong ally in revitalizing of sub-developed regions,being the rural tourism the main context to operate. Here is reviewed the status of two bamboo industries. The Chinese,although is the #1 bamboo producer still has many communities subtilizing their own bamboo resources due the fast urbanization process of rural China. And the Mexican,despite the ecologic and market ideal conditions remains underdeveloped due lack of support from the Federal government. In both cases, bamboo architecture acts as key tool for further development. This article presents two bamboo architecture projects in rural China,one in a sub-developed village in process of transformation into a rural tourism attraction,surrounded by bamboo forest in Hubei province; and the other in a wealthier region in Shandong province but without natural bamboo resources. Building with bamboo in rural Hubei forces the locals to organize stocks of material,raise its quality,and sell it to regions who lacks of it,such as Shandong. On the other hand,the bamboo architecture for Mexico serves as a"bridge"to receive the technology transfer from China during the next 6-12 years,helping to restore the rule of law during the change of political regimen which began in 2018 focusing in the reinforcement of the ethnic identities. It is shown that,regardless if a bamboo industry is in its early stage of development( Mexico) or is near to be fully completed( China),it is possible to create attractive bamboo architecture that boosts the rural tourism and the whole industry since as raw material is ready to receive innovative approaches that inspire the interest of locals to manage their own bamboo,the material of the future.