论刑事证明标准差异化

On Differentiated Standards of Proof for Criminal Cases

刑事案件证据的稀缺性等原因,造成了司法实践中全面满足"案件事实清楚,证据确实、充分"证明标准的实际困难。为解决这一困难,理论界和实务界提出了许多观点,并形成了关于证明标准理论的种种争议。结合当前诉讼制度改革要求和司法实践需求,需要对刑事案件实行差异化的证明标准。根据被告人认罪与否、罪行轻重、案件难易的不同,对特定类型案件实行低于"排除合理怀疑"的证明标准,采用"高度盖然性"标准,可为解决刑事诉讼"证据困境"提供一个新的思路。

It is difficult to fully satisfy the standard requiring“clear facts and sufficient evidence”in judicial practice due to the scarcity of solid evidence in criminal cases.In order to solve this problem,many viewpoints have been put forward in the theoretical and practical circles,and various disputes have been formed about the theory of standard of proof.At present,the reform of litigation system and the judicial practice both require the implementation of differentiated standards of proof in criminal cases.According to whether or not the defendant pleads guilty,the severity of the crime and the difficulty of the case,we can adopt a standard of proof for some specific cases which is lower than the standard of“excluding reasonable suspicion”,namely the application of the standard of“high probability”.This strategy can provide a new way to solve the“evidence dilemma”in criminal proceedings.