现象学与分析哲学融合进路中的自我问题研究

Research on the Question of Self in the Integration of Phenomenology and Analytic Philosophy

一种融合现象学和分析哲学中相关思想资源和方法的自我研究体现在,根据现象自我进路,意识体验必然蕴含意识主体的存在,这种意识主体就是现象自我。在该进路下,出现了关于自我的三种理论:自我是转瞬即逝的体验自身;自我是产生意识之能力;自我是虚拟的现象重心。这三种理论都难以处理意识体验在时间中之统一性问题。凭借欧陆现象学的思想资源,辅以分析哲学中的相关理论,回到意识体验的领域,并以时间意识为切入口,来对意识体验自身进行反思与分析,可以得到本原现象自我理论:"绝对意识之流"蕴含作为本原自我的现象自我的存在;绝对意识和本原自我均无时间性,却是使时间意识得以可能的先验条件。本原自我概念不仅是融贯的,而且能真正地解释意识体验具有的统一性以及主体性等特性。

Integrating as it does the relevant intellectual resources and methods in phenomenology and analytic philosophy,research on the self is manifest in the fact that,in accordance with the phenomenal self approach,the experience of consciousness necessarily implies the existence of the subject of consciousness,and the subject of consciousness is the phenomenal self.Three theories of self have developed from this approach:the self as the momentary experience;the self as the ability to generate consciousness;and the self as the center of virtual phenomena.None of these three theories can solve the problem of the unity of the experience of consciousness in time.Making use of the intellectual resources of European phenomenology and drawing on the relevant theories in analytic philosophy enables us to obtain a theory of the primitive phenomenal self by returning to the realm of the experience of consciousness and taking consciousness of time as a starting point for reflecting on and analyzing the experience of consciousness itself.“The flow of absolute consciousness”contains the existence of the phenomenal self as the primordial self;neither absolute consciousness nor the primordial self is of time,but they are a priori conditions that make the consciousness of time possible.The concept of the primordial self is not only coherent but also truly able to explain the unity and subjectivity of the experience of consciousness.