金融资本主义的崛起及其影响--对资本主义新形态的社会学分析

The Rise and Influence of Financial Capitalism——A Sociological Analysis of a New Form of Capitalism

相比波兰尼提出的第一次"大转型",金融资本主义的出现堪称影响更为深远的第二次"大转型"。金融资本主义的全球化扩张使其力量超越了民族国家的范围,政府、企业、家庭和个人等行为主体都日益受到金融市场的指引和重塑,导致"社会生活金融化"趋势。其重要社会后果是:金融市场与社会脱嵌的趋势日益明显,逐渐侵蚀着国家、工会、市民社会等力量,加剧了发达资本主义国家的就业危机、贫富分化和结构性的不平等。面对金融资本对社会的侵蚀,西方社会生发出"社会自我保护"的举措,目前看来收效甚微。而如何在全球层面建立一种新的金融和市场治理架构,以有效应对金融资本主义带来的负面影响,仍任重道远。

Compared with the first“great transformation”proposed by Karl Polanyi,the second“great transformation”-the emergence of financial capitalism-has had a more far-reaching impact.The global expansion of financial capitalism has extended its reach beyond the scope of the nation-state.Actors,including governments,enterprises,families and individuals,are increasingly guided and reshaped by financial markets,resulting in a trend toward the“financialization of social life.”Its important social consequences are:financial markets’increasing disembedment from society;the erosion of such forces as the state,trade unions,and civil society;and the exacerbation of the employment crisis,the polarization of rich and poor and structural inequality in developed capitalist countries.In the face of financial capital’s erosion of society,Western society has engendered a“social self-protection”initiative,but so far this seems to have had a negligible effect.The establishment of a new financial and market governance structure at the global level to deal effectively with the negative impact of financial capitalism still has a long way to go.