赢在起跑线?——学前教育经历与青少年多维能力发展的实证研究

Win at the Starting Line?——An Empirical Study on Preschool Education Experience and the Development of Multiple Abilities of Adolescents

学前教育作为国民教育的起点,对于培养创新型人才具有基础性、先导性的作用。本文基于中国教育追踪调查数据(CEPS),运用倾向得分匹配法,在分析家庭学前教育决策行为的基础上,通过评估学前教育经历对青少年的多维能力发展影响,为提高学前教育质量提供精准的发力点。研究发现,学前教育经历有助于提高青少年在初中阶段的认知能力、学业成绩和社交能力,而在探索求知、语言表达和健康水平方面未能表现出显著影响。此外,部分教育效能会随着学生年级的升高而逐渐消减。为进一步提高学前教育质量,政府应完善学前教育体制机制建设,建立科学的国民教育评估体系,从根本上转变社会的应试教育观念。

As the starting point of national education,preschool education plays a basic and leading role in cultivating innovative talents.Based on the data of China Education Panel Survey(CEPS),and based on the analysis of family decision making behavior in preschool education,this paper uses the propensity score matching method to evaluate the influence of preschool education experience on the multidimensional ability development of adolescents,so as to provide precise force for improving the quality of preschool education.It is found that preschool education experience has a continuous impact on students’cognitive ability,academic achievement and social competence dimension.But it has no significant effect on students'learning tendency,language expression and health level.In addition,part of the effectiveness of education will gradually diminish as students’grades increase.Therefore,in order to further improve the quality of preschool education,the government should promote the construction of preschool education system and mechanism,establish a scientific national education evaluation system,and fundamentally transform the concept of exam oriented education in the society.