铁路、水利与建筑工程领域颠覆性技术研究

Research on Disruptive Technologies in Railway,Hydraulic,and Architectural Engineering

历史上每次科技革命、工艺革命、能源革命,都伴随着颠覆性技术的出现,因此研究颠覆性技术对于各领域未来的发展方向具有重要的意义。本文分析了铁路、水利与建筑工程领域的发展方向和态势,认为铁路领域的发展方向为智能化发展和更高运行速度发展,水利领域的发展方向为人与自然和谐共生,建筑领域的发展方向为精益化、专业化、机械化、信息化、装配化、绿色化。在此基础上,研究总结了这三个领域的颠覆性技术,铁路领域的颠覆性技术包括智能高铁、低真空管道磁悬浮铁路;水利领域的颠覆性技术包括富自然功能协调流域建设技术、水利水电工程群多目标联合调度技术;建筑领域可能的颠覆性技术包括基于建筑信息模型(BIM)的智慧建造技术、工业化建造技术、3D打印技术、绿色建造技术。最后本文提出了未来发展的建议,以期为铁路、水利与建筑工程领域的研究与发展提供参考。

Every technological and energy revolution in history was accompanied by the emergence of disruptive technologies.Therefore,it is of great significance to study disruptive technologies for the future development of various fields.This paper analyzes the development directions and trends of railway,hydraulic and architectural engineering,and points out that the development direction of railway engineering is intelligent and higher-speed development;the development direction of hydraulic engineering is conforming to nature and human-nature integration;and the development direction of architectural engineering is to be precise,professional,mechanized,informationized,assembled,and eco-friendly.On this basis,this paper summarizes the disruptive technologies in these three fields.The disruptive technologies in the railway field include intelligent high-speed railway,low vacuum pipeline maglev railway;the disruptive technologies in the hydraulic field include the construction technology of basins with rich natural functions,and the multi-objective joint dispatching technology of water resources and hydropower projects;and the possible disruptive technologies in the architecture field include BIM-based intelligent building technology,industrial building technology,3D printing technology,and green building technology.Finally,this paper puts forward some suggestions to provide reference for the research and development of railway,hydraulic,and architectural engineering.