链脲佐菌素诱导的小鼠糖尿病视网膜病变模型的构建

Establishment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy model in mice

长期以来,链脲佐菌素(STZ)被广泛用于诱导多种动物的糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)模型。STZ诱导的动物DR模型的临床特征和病理变化与人1型糖尿病的DR相似,经常被用来研究DR的发病机制及进行新型抗DR药物的临床前评估。小鼠体型小、动物成本低、容易操作及诱导成功率高,是研究DR的最佳模型动物之一。建立小鼠DR模型时仍存在许多问题,例如模型的再现性以及STZ的动物致死性等。通过查阅文献发现,在使用STZ构建动物DR模型时,应当注意几个关键因素,如STZ的制备、给药剂量、给药途径、饲养方式,各类动物的年龄、体质量和性别等。本综述分析了STZ致DR的机制,指出了STZ诱导小鼠DR模型的关键环节,介绍了降低STZ致死率的方法。

Streptozotocin(STZ)has been widely used to create diabetic retinopathy(DR)model in a variety of animals.The clinical features and pathological changes of the animal models of DR induced by STZ are similar to those of DR of human type 1 diabetes mellitus,so the animal models are frequently used to study the pathogenesis of DR and evaluate new pre-clinical anti-DR drugs.Mice are one of the best models to study DR because of small size,low cost,ease of operation and high success rate of induction.However,researchers also face many challenges in inducing mouse model of DR,such as reproducibility of the model and animal lethality by STZ.In the process of inducing animal DR model by STZ,we need to pay attention to several key factors,including the preparation of STZ,suitable dosage,route of administration,feeding method,and age,body mass and gender of the animals.This review analyzes the mechanism of STZ-induced DR,emphasizes the important processes of STZ-induced mouse DR model,and proposes the methods to reduce the lethality of STZ.