民间土地神信仰的特点与意义表征——以靖州三锹地区为中心的考察

The Characteristics and Meanings of the Belief of Folk Land Gods:An Investigation Centered on the Sanqiao Area in Jingzhou

生活在怀化靖州的三锹人,其土地神信仰的特点表现为土地庙的丰富性、信仰的杂糅性、神与物的伴生性以及神职范围的专一性。随着社会的变迁,三锹人的土地神信仰形式也在不断变化,并呈现出一种小规模、非专业性、自主性以及虔诚度下降的趋势。土地神信仰是实现和延续三锹人族群记忆的重要手段,是唤醒和凝聚族群认同的重要力量,是其社会结构与社会秩序的具体表征。

The Sanqiao people living in Huaihua Jingzhou are characterized by the richness of the land temple,the mixed nature ofthe faith,the companionship between the gods and the objects,and the specificity of the scope of the priesthood.With the changes of society,the form of Sanqiao people's land god belief is also constantly changing,and presents a trend of small-scale,non-professional,autonomy and declining devotion.The belief in the land god is an important means to realize and continue the memory of the Sanqiao people.It is an important force for awakening and cohesive ethnic identity,and a concrete representation of its social structure and social order.