新石器时代河南淅川下王岗人群颏孔、下颌孔的形态

Variation of mental foramen and mandibular foramen of Neolithic population from Xiawanggang site,Xichuan County,Henan province

目的:分析河南淅川下王岗人群下颌骨颏孔、下颌孔的体质形态特点,并探讨相应的时代变异。方法:对44例下颌骨的颏孔、下颌孔形态及位置特点进行分类和记录,然后用SPSS软件进行数据分析。结果:下王岗人群颏孔主要位于第2前磨牙(P4)下方,颏孔大多开口方向为后上,下颌孔水平位置大多位于下颌支中点之后,下颌孔垂直位置大多位于齿槽面之上。结论:下王岗与现生人群相比,颏孔位置有明显的"前移"演化特点。与全新世人群的对比显示,下王岗人群的下颌孔垂直位置稍偏上,水平位置较靠后。考虑到下王岗人群时代较早,下颌骨尺寸很大,似乎提示全新世时期伴随着下颌骨的缩小,下颌孔有"前移"和"下移"的演化趋势。

To analyze the morphological characteristics of mental foramen and mandibular foramen of Xiawanggang population.Methods:The morphological characteristics and position information of mental foramen and mandibular foramen were classified and recorded.After that,data was analyzed by SPSS.Results:The mental foramen of Xiawanggang population was mainly located below second premolar(P4),and the main direction of the mandibular foramen was on the rear upper.The horizontal position of the mandibular foramen was mostly located after the midpoint of the mandibular ramus,and its vertical position was mostly located above dental alveoli plane.Conclusion:The comparison between Xiawanggang and modern people shows that there is an obvious“forward”evolutionary feature of the mental foramen position.Compared with the Holocene,the vertical position of the mandibular foramen in the Xiawanggang population is slightly higher,and in the horizontal position,the mandibular foramen is more backward.Considering the early era of Xiawanggang population and the large size of the mandibles,it seems to suggest that accompanied by the diminution of the mandible,the evolution trend of the mandibular foramen shows“forward”and“downward”during the Holocene period.