常德市冬种马铃薯新品种(系)筛选

Selection of New Winter Potato Varieties (Lines) Suitable for Planting in Changde City

为筛选出适合常德市种植的早熟、高产、优质、抗病的马铃薯新品种(系),从全国各地引进24个马铃薯品种(系),以‘中薯5号’为对照进行品种比较试验,对24份材料主要物候期、植株性状、块茎外观性状、块茎外观品质、病害发生情况、产量进行调查和分析。‘S031452’与对照相比产量更高、商品薯率更高,可作为普通鲜食品种推广种植;而‘红玫瑰’虽然产量略低于对照,但其商品薯率更高,生育期更短,并富含花青素,有更高的商品价值。通过聚类分析将25个品种(系)(包括对照品种)分为5大类,其中类群Ⅰ占供试资源的80%,类群Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ共占20%。类群Ⅰ品种(系)的特点是出苗早,生育期较短,生长发育对积温要求较低,类群Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ的品种(系)生育期较长,收获时块茎未完全成熟,产量较低,类群Ⅳ只有1个品系,其特点是出苗早,块茎发育早,生育期较长,虽然收获时未达到最高产量,但却较其他早熟品种(系)高产,说明只要出苗早、耐低温,中晚熟品种也可在常德市冬春季种植。

Twenty-four new potato varieties(lines)were introduced from different regions,and compared with'Zhongshu5'(CK)in order to screen out new potato varieties(lines)with early maturing,high yield,good quality,and high disease resistance in Changde City.These potato varieties(lines)were evaluated for their phenology,plant traits,tuber traits,tuber appearance qualities,main disease occurrence and tuber yields.Potato line'S031452'had higher yield and marketable tuber percentage than control variety'Zhongshu5',which could be planted as table potato.Colorful potato variety'Red rose'had higher marketable tuber percentage,shorter growth duration,and higher anthocyanins content,which could be planted as specialty potato though its yield was a little bit lower than that of the control.Twenty-five potato varieties(lines)(including control variety)were divided into five groups based on six main agronomic traits and yield data by the method of cluster analysis.Among them,80%varieties(lines)gathered in the groupⅠ,while20%varieties(lines)gathered in the groupsⅡ,Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤ.The varieties(lines)in group I were characterized by early emergence,early maturing and low requirement for accumulated temperature for their growth and development.The varieties(lines)inⅡ,ⅢandⅤgroups were characterized by moderate or late maturing,immature tuber at harvest and low tuber yield.Only one line was in the groupⅣ,which was characterized by early emergence,early tuber bulking,and late maturing.Although it might not give maximal yield at harvest,it yielded more than that of the early maturing varieties(lines),suggesting that middle or late maturing varieties(lines)with early emergence and low temperature tolerance could be cultivated in Changde City.