马铃薯甲虫与寄主植物间的共进化及其防治

Co-evolution of Colorado Potato Beetles with Host Plants and Their Controls

马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)是世界著名的毁灭性检疫害虫,分布遍及整个北半球,可以适应大约20种野生和栽培的茄科植物,其中栽培马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)被视为首选寄主,造成的危害也最为严重。自1993年在中国新疆首次发现后,如今马铃薯甲虫已分布在中国3个省(自治区)46个县(区、市)。马铃薯甲虫之所以能成为一种世界性入侵有害生物,主要体现在其对杀虫剂的抗性机制,以及马铃薯甲虫独特的生命周期和可塑性,马铃薯甲虫与寄主植物间的共进化过程也使得这种抗性机制变得更加复杂。目前针对马铃薯甲虫的防治手段主要有加强出入境检验检疫力度、农业及物理防治、生物防治和化学防治等,实际应用中根据发生情况不同应合理交替用药,减少杀虫剂抗性积累。马铃薯甲虫零星发生地区不建议使用化学药剂防治,应尽量采用物理防治、生物防治等手段,以避免昆虫抗药性的积累。

The Colorado potato beetle(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)is a world-famous quarantine pest that is distributed throughout the northern hemisphere and can eat about20wild and cultivated Solanaceae plants,among which the cultivated potato(Solanum tuberosum)is regarded as the preferred host,and the damage is the most serious.Since its first discovery in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in1993,Colorado potato beetles have been distributed in46counties(district,city)of three provinces(Autonomous Region)of China.The reason why Colorado potato beetles can become a worldwide invasive pest is mainly reflected in its resistance to insecticides,as well as the unique life cycle and plasticity of Colorado potato beetles.The co-evolution process between Colorado potato beetles and host plants also makes the resistance mechanism more complicated.At present,the prevention and control methods for Colorado potato beetles mainly include strengthening entry and exit inspection and quarantine,agriculture and physical control,biological control and chemical control.In actual application,alternate pesticide should be used according to the occurrence of different conditions to reduce the accumulation of pesticide resistance.It is not recommended to use chemical agents in the sporadic areas of Colorado potato beetles.Physical control and biological control should be used as much as possible to avoid the accumulation of insect resistance.