极区拖曳浮标恒速牵引模拟系统设计与实现

Design and Realization of a Constant Velocity Drawing Device of Polar Towing Buoy

为研究极地浮冰的漂移对冰基拖曳式浮标水下拖曳标体运动的影响,设计了一种恒速牵引装置,模拟极地浮标的定向移动,用于定量研究拖曳标体在不同漂移速度下的的沉浮规律,为标体的设计提供数据支持。该装置用可编程控制器PLC作为主控制器,以步进电机为执行器,编码器测算牵引速度,通过PID算法控制牵引速度保持恒定。用LabVIEW设计了上位机控制界面,能够对PLC进行控制和状态监视,并可显示存储牵引速度值。实验结果表明该装置可在600 m的牵引行程内,牵引速度误差小于2%,符合定量模拟浮冰漂移速度的控制要求。在浮标静水拖曳试验中使用该装置模拟水面标体随风低速漂移,可以定量给出水下拖曳体的最大下潜深度,对极地拖曳式浮标系统的开发和布放前的检验具有重要意义。

Based on the function and application environment of the expendable wave-measuring sensor,the structural design requirements of its buoy and the main body structure of the buoy are presented in this paper,with the functions of all major parts of the buoy described in a detailed way.The structural superiority of the buoy is also demonstrated in the aspect of expendable wave measuring.Three kinds of buoys are designed and studied,including two buoys equipped with flexible buoyant blades and one buoy with rigid buoyant blades.The pseudo-rigid-body models of two flexible buoys are respectively established according to the Compliant Mechanism Theory.This paper provides a comparison of the model attitudes of two flexible buoys and a rigid buoy under the effects of waves and currents,analyzes the reason of errors in wave height measurement for all buoys,and reaches the conclusion that the type-C flexible buoy has a better response with the motion of waves and currents,which offers the model base for studying the kinematics and dynamics of expendable wave-measuring buoys in an in-depth manner.