海洋温差能闭式循环的研究与进展

Study and Development of Closed-Cycle Systems of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

在简述海洋温差能发电项目进展的基础上,文中综述了闭式海洋温差能循环系统用工质对热力循环效率影响的现状,以及朗肯循环和非共沸工质的Kalina循环等循环的研究和进展。目前,海洋温差能热力循环的热效率仍需要进一步提高,这一方面的研究主要集中在选择合适的热力循环工质,提高热力循环的发电温差,以及在热力循环中采取回热、中间抽气、贫氨溶液再热回收、引射器引射乏气等措施上。循环热效率也从朗肯循环的3%提高到了上原循环、国海循环等热力循环的5%以上。但目前对海洋温差能闭式循环的研究仍然偏向于理论,运用试验手段的试验研究相对较少,同时仍存在扩充非共沸工质种类等需要研究解决的问题。

This paper has briefly reviewed the progress of the ocean thermal energy conversion generation development,and summarized the current situation on how working fluid employed in the ocean thermal energy conversion cycle system affects the efficiency of energy circulation,the research developments of Rankine cycle and non-azeotropic working fluidcycles,such as Kalina cycle.Most current studies on efficiency improvement are concentrated on the selection of working fluid consisting of pure and non-azeotropic working fluid,the increment of evaporation temperature,the decrease of the condensation temperature,and the utilization of the regeneration,extraction,reheat and ejector.Although the cycle efficiency has been increased from 3%of basic Rankine cycle to 5%of Uehara cycle and Guohai cycle at present,the up-to-date research seems more theoretical rather than experimental,meanwhile,other problems also exist such as only a few choices available for non-azeotropic working fluid.