基于海量IC卡数据的公交客流时空分析

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Bus Passenger Flow Based on Massive Smart Card Data

研究公交客流时空变化规律可以更深入地了解乘客的出行规律和出行需求,从而更好地为公交规划和调度提供服务。本文以厦门市2015年6月13日至26日的公交IC卡数据和车辆GPS数据为数据源研究公交客流的时空分布规律。论文运用Hadoop MapReduce分布式计算框架进行公交客流量的并行计算,从不同日期(工作日、双休日、节假日)和不同用户群体(老人,学生和成人)两个角度以小时为单位探索了公交客流的时间分布特征;在对公交站点的上车人数进行核密度分析的基础上,从站点客流量的总体空间分布及不同时段变化特征两个角度探索公交站点客流的空间分布特征,并以SM城市广场为例进行热点站点客流流向分析。研究发现:厦门市公交客流的时间分布规律呈现M状分布,但有别于北京市公交出行的M状分布,晚高峰的客流量约占早高峰客流量一半;站点客流空间分布规律呈现岛内连片聚集,岛外零星点状分布,岛内站点客流一日内早高峰呈现"入"状分布,随时间而演变为东北—西南走向的"一"状分布; SM城市广场、火车站和中山路商圈一直是全天的公交客流热点区域。

Studying spatial and temporal variation of bus passenger flow can better understand the travel regulations and travel demand so as to provide better service for bus planning and dispatching.In this paper,IC card data and GPS bus data in Xiamen from June13to26,2015were used to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of bus passenger flow.We calculate bus passenger OD and the bus passenger flow using MapReduce parallel computing framework of Hadoop and explore the time characteristics of bus passenger flow from different date(i.e.working days,weekends and holidays)and user groups(i.e.elderly,students and adults).Next,we count the numbers of passenger who board the bus at each bus station and research spatial distribution pattern of passenger flow at bus stations.Finally,we investigate the change pattern at different time periods using the nuclear density analysis.SM City Square is selected and used to analyze the passenger OD flow.The study shows that the temporal pattern of bus passenger flow in Xiamen like M-shaped distribution,but different from the Beijing M-shaped bus travel distribution.The passenger flow of early peak are almost twice as much as that of late peak.The spatial pattern of passenger flow on bus station presents a contiguous gathering of islands and sporadic distribution outside the island.the passenger flow on early morning peak within the island showed an“入”shape distribution,which evolved into a“一”shape distribution of the northeast-southwestward direction over time.SM City Square,Zhongshan Road and the railway station shopping district are always the hotspots for bus passengers.