国家园林城市空间分布的点格局分析

Point Pattern Analysis of National Garden City Spatial Distribution

以国家园林城市为例,将其划分为地级及以上级别园林城市和县级园林城市两类。运用最近邻指数、Ripley's K函数、标准差椭圆分析和热点聚类方法,对国家园林城市总体及分类型的空间分布进行比较研究。结果表明:(1)就分布特征而言,三者均表现出不同程度的集聚性,但较之总体,两类园林城市分布的多尺度特征相对简单;三者的聚集规模、强度和分布类型由聚集转为离散的特征空间尺度都以地级及以上级别园林城市为大;(2)就分布格局而言,县级园林城市的分布范围最广,总体次之,地级及以上级别园林城市最小;三者分布的主导方向分呈西北—东南、偏北—偏南、东北—西南,重心则均落在河南省;(3)就分布规律而言,三者的各阶热点区均位于中国地势第三级阶梯上;二阶热点区基本都在黄河流域下游地区与长江流域下游地区之间;一阶热点区均集聚在都市圈和大都市区,体现出地形、降水及人口、经济、城市发育等多因素的综合影响;(4)就分布格局特征与城镇化进程及城市建设趋势的关联而言,城市群已成为国家园林城市的主要集聚区,在部分地区甚至出现了园林城市群的雏形;应进一步推动西部城市"创园"活动和城市群绿化的开展,构建类型丰富、特色鲜明、互联互通的园林城市均衡发展格局。

The national garden cities can be divided into two categories:the cities at the prefectural level or above and the cities at the county-level.Taking these garden cities as examples,by using Nearest Neighbor Index,Ripley's K function,standard deviation ellipse analysis and hotspot clustering method,this paper studied and compared the differences between the spatial distribution of the national garden cities and their types.The results show that:(1)In terms of distribution characteristics,all three show different extent of agglomeration,but compared to the general,the multi-scale characteristics of the two types of garden cities are relatively simple.The garden cities of prefecture-level or above rank the first among the three groups in aspect of the aggregation scale,intensity and distribution type and spatial scale feature which changed from agglomeration to dispersion.(2)In terms of the spatial distribution pattern,the county-level garden cities have the widest distribution,followed by the overall garden city,and the garden cities above the prefectural level distribute less widely.The dominant directions of the three distributions are northwest-southeast,north-south,northeast-southwest of which distribution center locates in Henan Province.(3)In terms of the regularities of distribution,the hotspots of the three levels all locates on the third ladder of China's terrain;The second-order hotspots are basically between the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River;The first-order hotspots concentrated around the metropolis circle and metropolitan area,these differences reflect the comprehensive influence of topography,precipitation,population,economy,urban development and so on.(4)As to the characteristics of distribution pattern and the connection between the progress of urbanization and the trend of urban construction,urban agglomeration has become the main agglomeration area of national garden cities.Even the prototype of garden cities agglomeration has been appeared in some areas.It is necessary to make effort to promote the activities of"Building Gardens"and urban agglomeration greening,especially in western of China.And it is also indispensable for us to develop a balanced pattern of garden cities with abundant types,distinctive characteristics and perfect interconnectedness.