不同水肥模式对水稻需水量及产量的影响——以洱海流域为例

Effects of different water and fertilizer modes on water requirement and yield of rice——case study from Erhai Basin

本文以洱海流域为背景,采用两季田间小区试验,研究不同水肥模式对水稻需水规律、田间水量平衡及产量的影响。结果表明:灌溉模式及施肥制度对水稻需水规律及产量等有显著影响。与传统淹水灌溉模式相比,间歇灌溉降低了水稻ETc、灌水量、排水量及田间渗漏量,提高水稻产量3.8%～5.5%。间歇灌溉在平水年可显著减少排水,在不同水文年均可提高水稻产量。增加施肥次数使得水稻成熟期延后,Kc在后期下降趋势减弱并使得水稻产量显著增加。综合来看,W1N1F2处理不仅可以显著提高水稻产量,还可以降低化肥施用量,降低面源污染产生的风险,是水稻水、肥处理的最优选择。

The effects of different water and fertilizer modes on rice water requirement,field water balance and yield were studied in two quarter plot experiments from erhai river basin.The results showed that irrigation mode and fertilization system had a significant effect on rice water requirement and yield.Compared with traditional flooding irrigation,intermittent irrigation reduced rice ET c,irrigation amount,drainage and field leakage,and increased rice yield from 3.8%to 5.5%.Intermittent irrigation can significantly reduce drainage in normal year and increase rice yield in different hydrological years.Increasing the frequency of fertilization delayed the maturity stage of rice,reduced the trend of K c decline and significantly increased rice yield.In a comprehensive view,W1N1F2 treatment can not only improve rice yield significantly,but also reduce the amount of fertilizer application and avoid the potential risk of non-point source pollution.And,it is the best choice for water and fertilizer treatment of rice.