承德市近五年大气污染气象条件分析

Meteorological conditions of atmospheric pollution in Chengde City in 2013-2017

污染物的排放量和气象条件是影响空气质量的主要因素,本文从气象条件分析大气污染的影响因子,主要包括地表通风量、静稳天气指数、风向风速及水平扩散条件、混合层高度及垂直扩散条件等,并对承德市近5年空气质量进行统计,结果表明:2017年承德市城区优良日数291天,同比增加16天,重污染日数2天,同比减少2天,年内未出现全市范围重污染过程,污染强度明显减弱。月度污染变化明显,表现为前期(2017年1-2月)空气质量同比有所下降,3-10月空气质量同比开始逐渐变好,11月以后空气质量同比明显好转。总体来看,由于市委、市政府加大了大气污染防治工作的力度,采取了一系列严格的大气污染防治措施,2017年承德市年均优良日数明显增多,后期空气质量稳定持续向好,全年未出现重污染天气过程。2017年大气污染气象条件虽然较前几年不利于污染物扩散,但同期空气质量却持续向好,也论证了人为减排效率高于气象条件贡献,承德市大气污染治理效果显著。

The main factors affecting air quality,one is the discharge of pollutants,and the other is meteorological conditions.This paper analyzes the impact factors of atmospheric pollution from meteorological conditions,including surface ventilation,static and stable weather index,wind direction and horizontal diffusion conditions,mixed layer height and vertical diffusion conditions,then makes statistics on air quality in Chengde City for2013-2017.It shows that in2017,the number of excellent days in Chengde City was291days,an increase of16days compared with the same period of last year.The number of heavy pollution days was2days,which was2days lower than that of the previous year.There was no heavy pollution process in the whole city during the year2017,and the pollution intensity was obviously weakened.The monthly pollution changes obviously:The air quality in the previous period(January and February2017)became worse,in March to October began to gradually improve,and improved significantly after November.Overall,as the municipal party committee and the municipal government increased the intensity of air pollution prevention and control,and adopted a series of strict air pollution prevention and control measures,the annual average number of excellent days in Chengde City increased significantly in2017,and the air quality in the later period of the year continued to improve.There was no heavy pollution weather during the year2017.Although the meteorological conditions of atmospheric pollution in2017were not conducive to the spread of pollutants compared to the past few years,the air quality continued to improve in the same monthly period,it demonstrated that the efficiency of anthropogenic emission reduction is higher than that of the meteorological conditions,and the air pollution control effect of Chengde City is remarkable.