天道与西汉“时禁”灾祥观

Tiandao and theidea of “the ban of four seasons” with Zaiyi and Xiangrui in the Western Han dynasty

"阴阳和,风雨时,祥瑞出"是西汉社会非常盛行的观念。深受"天人合一"思想影响的汉儒,认为"阴阳和合"是带来祥瑞的前提,"君德"合乎"天德"才是根本,才能真正得天道。避免灾异的"合德"之途,可分为两个方面:其一,国君"顺天时、行王政",不悖天道伦理;其二,人主之德配于天,以"仁德"最为重要。阴阳、时节有序运行,统治者的德行广泛渗透到自然界和人类社会,就不会发生灾异。

“If Yin and Yang can keep balance,wind and rain happen in the proper times,Xiangrui will appear in the society”,It was a very prevalent idea in the Western Han dynasty.The confucianism scholars in the Han dynasty were deeply influenced by the idea of“Tianrenheyi”(天人合一),they firmly believed that“the harmony of Yin and Yang”(阴阳和合)was the precondition to bring Xiangrui,actually,the fudamental factor was“the virtue of emperor”(君德)conformed with“the rule of heaven”(天德),so the emperor would understand Tiandao.The way of avoiding Zaiyi could be divided into two aspects:firstly,the emperor of the state followed the regular of the four seasons,carried out the government decrees and complied with the ethics of“Tiandao”;secondly,the virtue of the emperor matched with the heaven,the most important virtue was the“benevolence”.Yin and Yang,four seasons all operated in orderly manner,and the benevolence of emperor had a great influence in the natural and human world,there won’t have calamities and anomalies in the society.