阈限期的角色过渡——关于大学本科四年级学生仪式行为的实证研究

The Role Transition in the Threshold Phase——An empirical research of the ritual behavior of the senior undergraduate students

大学本科四年级学生处在人生的一个阈限期,由于身份的两重性,大四学生容易出现迷茫、紧张的心态,并承受着角色变换的心理压力。而仪式行为能在人生的过渡阶段,赋予大四学生生活的中心和关注点,为其社会生活提供秩序感和稳定感,缓解精神焦虑和心理压力。如果说形式化仪式行为是以一种制度化的方式向社会宣布毕业生们迈入了人生的一个新的阶段,那么日常化仪式行为则帮助大四学生更具体、更有效地认识和适应其新的社会角色,以更积极的方式完成人生的过渡。日常生活中世俗化的仪式行为实际上起到了对信仰、宗教的替代作用,成为对传统社会神圣仪式的一种接替。

The senior undergraduate students are in the threshold phase of their life.Because of their double identity,these students often feel confused and nervous,and bear the psychological pressure of role changing.In the life transition stage,ritual behavior could endow them the life center and focus,provide sense of order and stability for their social life,and ease their mental anxiety and stress.If the formalized ritual behaviors are supposed to be an institutionalized way to announce to the society that the graduates have entered a new phase of life,the everyday ritual behaviors could be supposed to help the seniors to understand and adapt to the new social roles more concretely and effectively,and complete the transition of life in a more positive way.As a matter of fact,secular ritual behaviors in daily life play as an alternative role of belief and religion,and become a replacement of traditional social sacred ceremony.