中国粮食生产技术效率区域差异及其影响因素——基于超越对数形式随机前沿生产函数的测度

Regional differences of grain production technical efficiency and its influencing factors in China: A method of stochastic frontier analysis on trans-logarithmic production function

基于2000—2014年省级面板数据,采用超越对数形式的随机前沿函数(SFA)测度了在同一生产前沿面下中国粮食生产效率、不同投入要素的产出弹性,以及粮食生产技术效率的主要影响因素。研究表明:中国粮食生产技术效率不断提高,从2000年的0.790稳步上升至2014年的0.859;地区间技术效率存在显著差异,东中西部地区技术效率依次降低且东部地区增速最快,非粮食主产区虽落后于粮食主产区但增速更快;粮食生产中土地要素投入的产出弹性最高,农资和农具要素次之,劳动力投入产出弹性最低且为负值,粮食生产中仍存在劳动力过度投入问题,且中部地区和粮食主产区此问题尤为严重;人均地区生产总值、第一产业增加值占比、粮食生产机械化率、户均农地规模、平原面积占比等因素均对粮食生产技术效率有显著正向影响。

Based on the provincial panel data from 2000 to 2014,this paper uses the trans-logarithmic stochastic frontier analysis function(SFA)to measure the technical efficiency of grain production,calculate the output elasticity of different input factors and test the influencing factors of grain production technical efficiency.The results show that:The technical efficiency of grain production in China is increasing steadily,which changed from 0.790 in 2000 to 0.859 in 2014.There are significant differences among regions.The technical efficiency of the eastern,central and western regions is reduced,and the eastern region has the fastest growth rate.Although the technical efficiency of the non-main grain production area lags behind that of the main grain production area,it is growing faster.The output elasticity of land input in grain production is the highest,the investment of agricultural capital and agricultural machinery is the second,the output elasticity of labor is the lowest and negative,so it can be seen that there is excessive labor input in grain production,and the problem is especially serious in the central region and the main grain production area.Gross regional product per capita,proportion of primary industry in total GDP,total mechanization rate of grain production,scale of farmland,proportion of plain area have significant positive impact on the technical efficiency of grain production.