外国人口生育激励政策及其经验借鉴——基于三类国家(地区)的比较分析

Population and family planning incentive policies in foreign countries and their experience:Based on comparative analysis of three types of countries(regions)

为了规避低生育率陷阱,欧美发达国家主要实施了以改善家庭福利、劳动力就业等为主导的间接性激励政策,亚洲发达国家实行的是间接干预和直接干预并重的鼓励性生育政策,欠发达国家则是推行以直接干预为主导的生育激励政策。中国应根据国情认真吸纳和借鉴三类国家(地区)的激励生育政策的成功经验,完善以生育补贴和税收减免为核心的经济激励政策;优化妇幼保健医疗、幼托教育公共产品和服务;创新休假、女性就业等非物质的福利制度安排,打造生育友好型社会环境;准确把握生育激励干预时期、方式及其政策要点。

In order to avoid the trap of low fertility rate,developed countries in Europe and the United States have mainly implemented indirect incentive policies dominated by improving family welfare and labor force employment,while developed countries in Asia have put equal emphasis on indirect intervention and direct intervention to encourage fertility,and many underdeveloped countries have adopted family-planning incentive policies dominated by direct intervention.China should take on the experience success of the policies of the types of three countries in the country,and improve the economic incentives that are at the core of fertility subsidies and tax breaks;optimize the public products and services of maternal and child health care and kindergarten education;innovate the non-material welfare system arrangements such as vacation and female employment to create a reproductive friendly social environment;accurately grasp the period,mode and policy points of reproductive incentive intervention.