道咸年间闺阁“吟坛宗主”沈善宝文学观的演变及其原因

The Evolution of the Literary View and Its Reasons of Shen Shanbao,A Mater of Female Poems in the Daoguang and Xianfeng Periods

清代道咸年间闺阁"吟坛宗主"沈善宝,文学思想呈现诸多复杂面貌,一方面持贞孝节义、敦厚雅正的诗教观念,具有淑世的因素;另一方面,又对重灵心、真趣与诗情的文学抒写始终保持着某种偏好,二者交叉,难以辨清。考察《名媛诗话》的编撰,可知性灵文学思想始终是其书写的主线。其前期由钱塘进入京师,后期由京师返回钱塘的过程,伴随着思想的两次重大变化,虽各有所重,但最终体现出对性灵文学的回归。对沈善宝文学思想的考察,是深入分析此期京、杭、晋三地闺阁文学及其思想形态的重要线索。

Shen Shanbao is a“host master”in the circle of noble lady poets during the Daoguang and Xianfeng Periods in the Qing Dynasty.Her literary thought presents many complicated features.On the one hand,she holds the concept of chastity,filial piety,kindness and elegance,which has the element of benefiting the social welfare;on the other hand,she always maintains a certain preference for literary expression that emphasizes spiritual heart,real interest and poetic feeling.By investigating her compilation of The Poems of Famous Ladies,we can see that the literary thought of spirituality is always the main line of her writing.The process of her entering the capital from Qiantang in the early stage and returning to Qiantang from the capital in the later stage was accompanied by two major changes in her thought,each of which has its emphasis,but ultimately reflected the return of spirituality literature.The study of Shen Shanbao's literary thought is an important clue to analyze the literature and its ideology of elite female literature in Beijing,Hangzhou and Shanxi areas during this period.