恐惧与颤栗——论《审判》中约瑟夫·K的个体生存伦理

Fear and Trembling——Analysis on Joseph K's Individual Survival Ethics in The Trial

卡夫卡与克尔凯郭尔都以悲悯之心观照个体的悲剧性生存命运。克尔凯郭尔以哲学视角探讨人的生存境遇,认为个体生存具有三种状态:伦理境界、美学境界和宗教境界,并认为通过美学境界的沉沦和绝望,可能跳跃到宗教境界。卡夫卡则以文学作品表达自己对于人生的宗教性思考。在《审判》中,以克尔凯郭尔的宗教视角探析约瑟夫·K的个体生存状态,可透视出现代人在虚无大地上的生存境遇。

Kafka and Kierkegaard are both focus on the tragic survival of the individual nothingness who lives on the wilderness.Kierkegaard discusses the circumstances of life from the philosophical perspective,he thinks that individual survival has three states:ethical sphere,aesthetic sphere and religious sphere.And he thinks individuals might jump to the religious sphere through sinking and despair in the aesthetic sphere.Kafka expresses his religious thoughts about life by literary works.We can find the collision of the two thinkers in religious thought.We can discuss Joseph K’s individual survival ethics through Kierkegaard’s religious view and feel the living state of modern people on the wilderness.