香港粤语人群普通话轻声偏误的实验分析

Experimental Analysis of Neutral Tone in Mandarin Speech Produced by Hong Kong Cantonese Learners

本文通过感知实验和声学分析,比较了普通话人群(母语组)和香港粤语人群(粤语组)在不同前字调和不同语境(孤立词、宽焦句中词、窄焦句中焦点词)下产出的普通话轻声词。感知实验表明,粤语组轻声的自然度总体上低于母语组,其中孤立词的自然度下降最多,句中焦点词其次,宽焦句中词下降最少。声学分析表明,首先粤语组的最大问题是轻声音节时长过长、时长占比过大、与前字的基频绝对差偏小;其次,对于句中焦点位置的轻声词,粤语组未能掌握基频编码的规则。对感知与声学结果关系的分析,也验证了对粤语组轻声自然度影响最大的因素是轻声时长。实验结果启示我们,在针对粤语人群的普通话轻声的教学中,应当重视轻声的时长特征、重视焦点位置轻声词的音高特征,从而有针对性地纠偏。

This study compared Mandarin neutral tone(T0)produced by native speakers(L1group)and Hong Kong Cantonese L2learners(L2group),through both perceptual experiment and acoustic analysis.The T0syllables after four tones in three types of word contexts(i.e.,isolated word,word in a broad-focus utterance,and on-focus word in a narrow-focus utterance)were investigated.The perceptual experiment showed that T0had a lower score of naturalness in the L2group than in the L1group;the difference between L1and L2was larger in isolated words than in sentences.Acoustic analysis showed that T0in general had longer duration,larger durational ratio,and smaller F0difference between the two syllables in the L2group than in the L1group.In addition,for T0syllables in focused words,L2group failed to acquire the rules of F0encoding effectively.Comparison of the perceptual and acoustic results shows that syllable duration is the most important factor contributing to the naturalness of T0syllables produced by the L2group.This study suggests the importance of paying attention to the context-dependent characteristics of T0in learning Mandarin as L2.