道德与幸福同一性的儒道佛形态

Confucian,Taoist and Buddhist Morphology of Morality and Well-Being Identity

为克服道德与幸福之间的同一性难题,儒道佛三家贡献了最彻底的理路。儒家将全体(一切存在)理解为价值性或善的存在,道德以至善为基准,幸福被道德化,由此实现的德福同一性是至善幸福;道家的道是自然(全体)之道,德即得之于道,道包含一切祸福及其辩证转化关系,因此德福的同一性在于与道合一,超越祸福之辨;佛教通过因果报应规律的必然性力量来保证德福同一,道德是善道,幸福是极乐,唯有通过善念善行才能将苦海转化为极乐世界,对此善恶借助因果报应而成为善恶业报规律。概言之,儒道佛分别贡献了最普遍的道德、最普遍的幸福与最普遍的同一规律,三者合一生成德福同一的经典范型。

To overcome the identical problem between morality and well-being,Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism contribute the most thorough approach.Confucianism interprets totally“whole”or“all beings”as valuable or good being,morality is on the basis of the highest good and well-being is moralized,and thus the realized identity of morality and well-being is“the highest good”-“well-being”.The Tao of Taoism is the way of the whole and Nature,which“De”is from Tao,and contains all fortune and misfortune and conversions between them.Buddhism ensures the identity of morality and well-being relying on the necessary power of the law of karma,furthermore morality is good path and well-being is bliss;one can turn the abyss into the Elysium only through his good mind,consciousness and benefaction,therefore the good and evil become karma in good and evil relying on karma.In general,Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism respectively contribute the most universal morality,well-being and the law of identity,and only the combination of the three can generate the Chinese philosophy form on the identity of morality and well-being.