从小说到文史——宋代书目中诗话的归属与位置变迁

From the Category of Novel to Literature and History:the Attribution and Position Change of Poetry Talks in Bibliographies of Song Dynasties

诗话类著作产生于宋代,在袁本《郡斋读书志》中,诗话被著录于小说类中间,显示出其"话"的小说特点,至姚应绩重编衢本《郡斋读书志》将其移置小说类之末,说明编者已注意到诗话著作与小说的区别。郑樵《通志·艺文略》最早将诗话移置文史类,确立了其文学评论的属性,尤袤《遂初堂书目》与陈振孙《直斋书录解题》亦同。《宋史·艺文志》则将诗话类著作分置小说类与文史类,引起后人对于诗话多种属性的讨论。查其实际,是《宋史·艺文志》因于《中兴国史艺文志》,后者采用了两种著录标准,揭示出诗话与小说的驳杂联系,也表现出宋人对于诗话属性的探讨与质疑。

Poetry Talks were produced in the Song Dynasty.In Junzhai dushuzhi of Yuanzhou version,Poetry Talks were recorded in the middle of the category of novel,showing the characteristics of talk.While Junzhai dushuzhi of Quzhou version moved them to the end of the category of novel,which showed that Yao yingji noticed the difference of Poetry Talks and novels.In Zheng Qiao s Tongzhi yiwenlve,Poetry Talks were transferred to the category of literature and history to establish the attribute of literary criticism,as the same as You Mao s Suichutang shumu and Chen Zhensun s Zhizhai shulu jieti.Yet Songshi yiwenzhi divided the works of Poetry Talks into both the category of novels and the category of literature and history,and caused later generations to discuss the various attributes of Poetry Talks.The fact is that Songshi yiwenzhi was influenced by Zhongxingguoshi yiwenzhi,and the latter bibliography adopted two standards to reveal the mixed relationship between Poetry Talks and novels,and also showed the discussion of the attribute to Poetry Talks.