光遗传学技术应用于动物行为学研究的新进展

Advances of application of optogenetics in animal behavioral research

光遗传学方法是近十年来在神经科学领域迅猛发展的一项光控细胞新技术,此项技术也被称为是"21世纪注定获得诺贝尔奖的一项新技术"。该生物工程技术整合了光学、遗传学、计算机科学、基因工程、细胞生物学、电生理等众多学科。这项由多学科交叉应运而生的新型技术极大地推动了神经科学的发展,进而扩展到动物行为学、临床医学、分子生物学、细胞生物学等众多领域。动物行为学是研究动物各种行为的功能、机制、发展和进化的一门学科,对神经科学的发展发挥了重要作用。该文介绍了光遗传学的具体过程及特点,以及其在动物行为学研究中的应用,旨在对光遗传学技术的新进展做一简要综述。

The method of optogenetics is a new light-control cell technology which has developed rapidly in the field of neuroscience in the past decade.This technique is also called“a new technology destined to win the Nobel Prize in the21st century”.The bioengineering technology integrates many disciplines of optics,genetics,computer science,genetic engineering,cell biology,electrophysiology and more.This new multi-disciplinary cross-disciplinary new technology has greatly promoted the development of neuroscience,extending to animal behavior,clinical medicine,molecular biology,cell biology and many other fields.Animal behavior research is about the study of the function,mechanism,development and evolution of animal behavior,which plays an important role in the development of neuroscience.This article describes the specific process and characteristics of optogenetics,and its application in animal behavior research,aiming at a brief review of the latest research progress in optogenetics technology.