新时期高校“新工科”建设及发展路径研究

Research on the Construction and Development Path of "New Engineering" in Colleges and Universities in the New Era

"新工科"建设是对我国当前工程教育存在问题的全面反思,是工程教育对工程活动"新业态"的全面回应,是面向未来的、切实可行的"国家经济转型升级"的落实路径和创新举措,具有重大意义。目前"新工科"建设面临诸多问题:发展理念不适应,工程教育质量不高;人才结构不适应,科技拔尖人才不多;知识体系不适应,理论联系实际不够;培养模式不适应,教育教学成效不佳。要解决这些问题,需要采取以下举措:以"关注两个主体"为核心,转变教学理念,打破教育壁垒;以"培养两个能力"为目标,强化市场适应,提升工程创新;以"做好两个保证"为牵引,立足专业底线,推动星级拔尖;以"融通两个空间"为手段,创新教学方法,激发学习动力;以"协调两个平台"为保障,引入市场力量,强化校企合作。

The construction of"new engineering"is a comprehensive reflection on the problems existing in engineering education in China.It is a comprehensive response to the engineering education to the"new format"of engineering activities,and the practical and feasible methods and innovative measures for carrying out the"national economic transformation and upgrading".At present,the construction of"new engineering"faces many problems:unsuitable development concept,the quality of engineering education is not high;unsuitable talent structure,and there are not many top-notch talents in science and technology;the knowledge system is not suitable,the theory is not practical enough;the training mode is not suitable,and the education and teaching effectiveness is not good.To solve these problems,we need to take the following measures:"focus on the two main bodies"as the core,change the teaching concept,break the barriers of education;by taking"cultivating two capabilities"as the objective,we shall strengthen market adaptation,and enhance engineering innovation;by taking the two guarantees as a traction and taking the professional bottom line as the basis,we shall promote the star-level talent selection;by taking"integrate two spaces"as a means,we shall innovate teaching methods and stimulate learning motivation;by taking the"coordination of two platforms"as a guarantee,we shall introduce market forces,and strengthen cooperation between universities and enterprises.