改良剂对酸性土壤理化特性及烤烟生长和品质的影响

Effects of Amendment Application on Physicochemical Properties of Acidic Soil, Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

为筛选适合湘西烟区的酸性土壤改良剂,采用大田试验研究了不同改良剂对植烟土壤理化特性和酸度特征,以及烤烟生长、经济性状和品质的影响。结果表明,施用酸性土壤改良剂可提高土壤碱解氮和速效磷含量,但降低了土壤速效钾含量;可提高植烟土壤pH至适宜水平,增加土壤交换性盐基和阳离子交换量,降低水解性酸和潜性酸、交换性铝含量;虽减缓了烤烟前期生长,但可提高上等烟比例18.67%～26.58%、烟叶产量3.70%～7.51%、烟叶产值0.63%～6.29%,改善烟叶物理特性和化学成分,增加烟叶评吸总分2.83%～7.08%。对湘西烟区强酸性植烟土壤的改良以施用石灰效果较好。

In order to screen the strong acid soil amendments suitable for the Xiangxi tobacco growing areas,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different soil amendments on physicochemical properties and acidity of the tobacco planting soil,and on the growth,economic characteristics,quality of flue-cured tobacco.The results were as follows:The application of acidic soil amendments can increase the contents of hydrolytic nitrogen and available phosphorus,but reduce the availability of potassium.It can increase the pH of tobacco-planting soils to an appropriate level,and increase the exchangeable base and cation exchangeable capacity of tobacco-planting soils,and reduce the content of hydrolyzable acid and potential acid and exchangeable Al 3+.Although the early growth of flue-cured tobacco was slowed down,the proportion of high quality tobacco was increased by 18.67%to 26.58%.The yield of tobacco leaf was increased by 3.70%to 7.51%.The output value of tobacco leaf was increased by 0.63%to 6.29%.It can improve the physical properties and chemical composition of the leaves,and the total sensory score of tobacco was improved 2.83%-7.08%.In Xiangxi tobacco areas,the effect of lime application on improving the strong acid soil of plant-tobacco was better.