生物炭施用对土壤健康的影响及其对烤烟生产的潜在风险

Effect of Biochar Application on Soil Health and its Potential Risks to Flue-cured Tobacco Production

近年来,生物炭受到各国科技工作者的广泛关注。大量研究表明,生物炭具有稳定性、多孔性、吸附性等优良特征,可提高土壤养分有效性和土壤微生物活性,改善土壤结构,增加炭固化,减少温室气体排放,对土壤重金属和其他有害有机物进行钝化失活等,因而是一种很有发展潜力的新型肥料和土壤改良剂。然而,生物炭因原料和裂解温度等的不同,可能向土壤输入重金属和有机污染物等有害物质,施入土壤后也可能会产生一些对土壤健康和烤烟生长不利的负面作用,目前,人们对这些还缺乏全面系统的了解。笔者根据近年来国内外的研究结果进行综述,以期为生物炭的推广应用提供理论参考。

In recent years,biochar has attracted a lot of attention from researchers over the world.Many studies have shown that biochar owns characteristics of stability,porosity,and adsorption,thus it can improve soil nutrient availability,energize soil microbes,improve soil structure,increase carbon sequestration,reduce greenhouse gas emissions,reduce soil heavy metals and other harmful organic contaminants by binding them in soils.Biochar thus is a very promising new fertilizer and soil amendment.However,biochar also has the potential to bring heavy metals,organic contaminants and some undesired influence into soils,depending on the feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature,which may produce some soil health and flue-cured production problems.A comprehensive and systematic understanding on these issues does not exist in the current literature.Therefore,this review summaries the current knowledge in the effect of biochar application on soil health and its potential risks to flue-cured tobacco production based on recent experiment results,so as to provide some theoretical basis for biochar extension.