农业领域公私合作的困境及法律对策

Dilemma and Legal Countermeasure of Public-private Cooperation in Agriculture

推行农业领域公私合作是实施乡村振兴战略的有效手段,对这一措施面临的诸多制约因素,需要通过相应的法律制度予以化解。村委会作为合作双方的代理人容易受熟人社会影响和利益诱导而损害被代理人利益,因而需要在法律上明确其特别法人的地位及相应的权利和义务。针对农业领域公私合作的资金来源不足、资金供给难以持续的问题,应当构建长效投资机制,包括加大基层政府的财政支持力度,疏通社会资本进入农业的渠道,鼓励农民投资农业等。要甄别公共事务性与商业经营性合作项目,分别采用土地征收程序、土地流转程序,注意农村土地政策创新与涉农法律稳定之间的协调,以防范农业领域公私合作中的土地供给乱象。

Public-private cooperation in agriculture field is an effective means to implement the rural revitalization strategy,which faces many constraints and needs the support and regulation of the corresponding legal system.Village committees,as agents of both sides of cooperation,are vulnerable to the social influence of acquaintances and benefit inducement,which may damage the interests of the principals.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the status of their special legal persons and their corresponding rights and obligations in law.To solve the problems of insufficient and unsustainable sources of funds for public-private cooperation in agriculture,it is necessary to build a long-term investment mechanism,including increasing financial support from grass-roots governments,dredging channels for social capital to enter agriculture and encouraging farmers to invest in agriculture.In order to eliminate the disorder of land supply in public-private cooperation in agriculture,we should distinguish between public affairs and commercial cooperation projects,adopt land expropriation procedures and land transfer procedures respectively,and pay attention to the coordination between rural land policy innovation and legal stability concerning agriculture.