制造业外包对中国劳动力的就业效应研究

Research on the Employment Effect of Manufacturing Outsourcing on Chinese Labor Force

利用持续存活的工业企业数据多方面系统地考察了发包和接包对于就业规模、就业结构的影响,结果发现:发包会显著改善就业结构,但有减少就业总人数的可能性;而接包则会恶化就业结构,同时有助于增加我国的就业总人数;对于低技术行业而言,接包能显著增加就业规模,同时对于外资企业的作用效果明显,就经济地理区位而言,东部沿海地区的就业效应受接包的影响十分显著。为了改善我国就业问题,应积极推行下岗工人再就业政策,加强工人岗前及在职期间技能培训;优化就业结构,增强我国发包水平;增强高技术行业的发包和接包,尤其以东部地区为主。

This paper uses the data of industrial enterprises to systematically examine the impact of outsourcing and insourcing on employment scale and employment structure.The results show that:the outsourcing will significantly improve the employment structure,but there is the possibility of reducing the total number of employment;and the insourcing will worsen the employment structure,while helping to increase the total number of employment in China.For low-tech industry,the insourcing can significantly increase the scale of employment,while the effect of foreign-funded enterprises is obvious,in terms of economic geography,the employment effect of the eastern coastal areas is very significant.In order to improve the employment problem in our country,we should actively implement the policy of reemployment of laid-off workers,strengthen the skills training of workers before and during the job;optimize the employment structure,enhance the level of China's outsourcing;enhance the high-tech industry outsourcing and insourcing,especially in the eastern region.