黑龙江省畜禽粪污处理存在问题及对策研究

Research on Problems and Countermeasures of Livestock Manure Treatment in Heilongjiang Province

畜牧业是拉动农业发展的重要动力,也是促进农民增收和发展现代农业的重要产业。随着畜牧业发展,畜禽粪污污染日益加剧。为解决黑龙江省畜禽粪污资源化利用问题,实现环境保护和畜牧业可持续发展,根据1985～2016年数据分析黑龙江省畜牧业生产、畜禽存栏、畜禽产品产量以及2015年粪污量及利用情况,发现粪污处理过程中存在用地难、资金难、有机肥销售难、粪污处理技术落后等问题。结合2018年黑龙江省农村经济社会调查数据,提出科学合理布局畜禽养殖场、加大购买粪污处理设备扶持力度、完善有机肥市场经营机制、合理有效利用畜禽粪污等对策建议,以期解决黑龙江省畜禽粪污处理问题,为促进黑龙江省畜牧业健康发展提供参考。

Animal husbandry industry is an important driving force for rural rejuvenation,as well as an important area to increase farmers'income,protect rural ecological environment and develop modern agriculture.With the development of animal husbandry,the environmental pollution caused by livestock manure is increasing.The aim of this paper was to solve the problem of resource utilization of livestock and poultry,and to achieve environmental protection and sustainable development of animal husbandry.Livestock production,stock of livestock products and production status according to data from 1985-2016 in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed.The amount of manure and its utilization in 2015 were also analyzed.It was concluded that there were major problems in the process of manure treatment,such as difficulty in land use,financing,selling organic fertilizer,and backwardness in manure treatment technology.Based on the actual situation of rural economic and social survey in Heilongjiang Province in 2018,the following suggestions was proposed:livestock and poultry farms should be scientifically and rationally arranged,support for purchasing manure treatment equipment should be strengthened,operation mechanism of organic fertilizer market should be improved,and reasonable and effective of using livestock and poultry manure should be made.In order to solve the problems existing in the treatment of livestock and poultry manure in Heilongjiang Province,some references for promoting the green and healthy development of animal husbandry were provided.