机播模式下芝麻不同行株距配置的高产效应研究

Study on High Yielding Effects of Row and Plant Spacing of Mechanized Sowing in Sesame

为探索不同播种方式的高产效应,明确机播模式下不同行株距配置对芝麻产量的影响,采用大田研究方式,以芝麻品种郑芝98N09和郑太芝1号为材料,系统研究了不同行株距配置条件下的芝麻功能叶光合特性、农艺性状、产量及其构成因素和籽粒品质。结果表明,不同行株距配置条件下不同芝麻品种叶绿素含量和净光合速率不同。随株距减小,净光合速率降低。不同行株距配置对芝麻的农艺性状、产量及其构成因素产生较大影响,而对籽粒品质影响不大。其中,株距对株高、始蒴位高、黄梢尖长和果轴长的影响较大,而行距配置的影响较小。单株蒴数表现出随株距减小而下降的变化趋势;芝麻蒴粒数的变化规律不同品种表现不一致,但均表现出随株距减小而减小的变化规律;籽粒千粒质量亦随株距减小而降低,等行距配置的千粒质量均大于宽窄行配置;但行株距配置对品质的影响不大。本试验条件下,2个芝麻品种均以株距不小于11. 11 cm(亦即密度低于22. 5万苗/hm2)条件下的芝麻籽粒产量最高,该株距配置条件下,不仅芝麻叶片叶绿素含量较高,叶片光合同化能力较强,而且产量构成因素较协调,农艺性状表现较优,可供生产参考。

In order to explore the high yield effect of different seeding methods and clarify row and plant spacing of mechanized on high yielding in sesame.Field experiments were conducted to study functional-leaves photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic traits,yield and its components and grain quality of sesame under different row and plant spacing configuration with Zhengzhi98N09and Zhengtaizhi1in experiment base of Henan Pingyu in2014.The results showed that the SPAD values and net photosynthesis rate in sesame functional-leaves were different under different row and plant spacing configuration.The net photosynthetic rate decreased with plant spacing reduced,effects of row and plant spacing on agronomic traits,yield and its components was great,while effects on quality of sesame was little.Among them,plant spacing had a greater impact on plant height,height of the first capsule,length of no capsule tip and length of main fruit axis,while row spacing had a smaller impact.The number of capsules per plant decreased with the decrease of plant spacing.The variation regularity of seed number per capsule with different varieties,but also showed the change rule with plant spacing reduced.1000-grain weight was also decreased with plant spacing,and the1000-grain quality of equal row spacing was higher than that of wide and narrow row spacing.The effect of row spacing on quality was not significant.The yield of sesame seed was the highest under the condition of row spacing was no more than11.11cm(the density was less than225000seedlings/ha),under the condition of plant spacing allocation,not only the chlorophyll content of sesame leaves was higher,the photosynthetic assimilation ability of sesame leaves was stronger,but also the yield components were more coordinated,and the agronomic characters were better,which could be used as a reference for production.