韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在川芎上的为害及鉴定

The Damage and Identification of Bradysia odoriphaga on Chuanxiong

为明确河北省安国市川芎种植田根蛆类害虫发生为害情况及害虫种类,采集安国川芎根蛆幼虫至室内,模拟田间生境进行继代饲养,以羽化的第1代根蛆成虫为试验材料。利用成虫形态特征比对方法和分子生物学分类技术共同对安国川芎根蛆的种类进行了鉴定,并采用5点取样法对安国川芎田根蛆的为害情况进行了系统调查。结果表明,安国川芎根蛆为害率为4%～82%,死苗率最高可达22%,单株平均虫口数量可达37. 76头;安国川芎根蛆主要通过幼虫为害川芎的根茎部,造成川芎上部叶片枯黄,严重时根部被咬食一空,造成整株死亡。通过传统的成虫形态特征比对,明确了安国川芎根蛆成虫的形态特征与韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的形态特征基本一致;同时分子标记鉴定结果也显示,安国川芎根蛆mt DNA-COI基因序列与韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的一致性为99%,因此,确定了安国川芎根蛆为韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫。研究明确了近年在河北省安国市川芎上为害并严重影响川芎产量和品质的根蛆为韭菜迟眼蕈蚊,同时明确了川芎根蛆的为害特点和为害程度,旨在为今后川芎根蛆的绿色防控提供科学依据。

In order to determine the occurrence and species of root maggot pests in cultivated Chuanxiong fields in Anguo City,Hebei Province,the larvae of root maggot were collected and reared in simulated field habitats.The species of root maggots of Chuanxiong in Anguo City were identified by using traditional morphological classification technology and modern molecular biological classification technology.The damage characteristics and degree of root maggots of Chuanxiong in Anguo City were systematically investigated by five-point sampling method.The results showed that the damage rate of root maggots was4%-82%,the death rate of seedlings was22%,and the average number of insects per plant was37.76.The root maggots of Chuanxiong mainly damaged the root and stem of Chuanxiong through larvae,resulting in yellowing of the upper leaves of Chuanxiong,and the whole plant died when the roots were eaten completely.By comparing the traditional morphological characteristics of the adults,it was found that the morphological characteristics of the root maggot of Chuanxiong in Anguo were basically the same as those of the Bradysia odoriphaga,and the results of molecular marker identification showed that the sequence of mtDNA-COI gene of the root maggot of Chuanxiong in Anguo was99%consistent with that of the B.odoriphaga.Root maggots were B.odoriphaga larvae.The results of this study showed that the root maggot species harmed and seriously affected the yield and quality of Chuanxiong in Anguo City of Hebei Province in recent years were B.odoriphaga,and the damage characteristics and degree of the root maggot of Chuanxiong were clarified,which would provide a scientific basis for the green control of the root maggot of Chuanxiong in the future.