不同施肥方式对玉米生育期内根际土壤酶活性的影响

Study on the Activities of Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme in Different Fertilization Modes During Maize Growth

为揭示不同施肥处理及施肥方式下土壤酶活性的变化规律,通过田间试验,以单施化肥为对照,研究条施和撒施方式下4种不同微生物肥料对玉米生育期内3种主要根际土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,土壤酶活性在玉米生育期呈现出大致相同的变化规律,土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性高峰出现在拔节期,土壤过氧化氢酶在成熟期活性最高;条施和撒施方式下,增施复合菌种微生物肥能提高过氧化氢酶活性,在不同时期分别较对照高出6. 3%～9. 0%和4. 0%～10. 5%;而增施解淀粉芽孢杆菌微生物肥则提高蔗糖酶和脲酶活性,在不同时期蔗糖酶活性分别较对照高出20. 7%～68. 0%和18. 6%～37. 4%;在不同时期脲酶活性分别较对照高出21. 8%～30. 4%和4. 6%～14. 4%。2种施肥方式表明,条施可以提高肥料的综合利用率,利于作物的充分吸收。综上分析表明,无机肥和微生物肥配施可以改良玉米根际土壤,提高土壤酶活和土壤肥力,有利于增强土壤可持续生产力。研究结果可为微生物肥料在玉米上的合理利用提供理论依据。

In order to reveal the changes of soil enzyme activities under different fertilization treatments and fertilization methods,field experiments were conducted to study the effects of four different microbial fertilizers on soil enzyme activities of three main rhizosphere during maize growth periods.The results showed that the activity of soil enzymes was similar in maize growth period.The activity of sucrase and urease reached the peak at jointing stage,and catalase activity was the highest at maturity stage.Under the lateral application and spread application methods,the mixed application of several microbial fertilizers increased the activity of catalase,while increasing application of Bacillus amylolyticus microbial fertilizer quality helped the activity of invertase and urease to be increased,and the activities of sucrase and urease were increased by6.3%-9.0%and4.0%-10.5%,respectively,while the activities of sucrase and urease were increased by20.7%-68.0%and18.6%-37.4%,respectively.Compared with the control,the activity of urease were increased by21.8%-30.4%and4.6%-14.4%,respectively at different stages.The fertilization methods indicated that the application of strip fertilizer could increase the comprehensive utilization rate of fertilizers and facilitated the full absorption of crops.The research results reflected that the combined application of inorganic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer could improve the rhizosphere soil of maize,increase soil enzyme activity and soil fertility,which enhanced the sustainable productivity of soil.Therefore,the research results could provide a theoretical basis for rational utilization of microbial fertilizers on maize.