南太行山区平顺县民居类型及特征研究

Study of the Types and Characteristics of Folk Dwellings in Pingshun County,South Taihang Mountains

平顺县位于南太行山区晋冀豫三省交界处,独特的自然和人文环境孕育了适应当地人生产生活方式的民居建筑。在查阅史料、实地测绘、工匠访谈的基础上,总结沿河地区和山区腹地的聚落特征;然后依承重形式、屋顶形式及建筑高度将平顺县民居分为不同的类型;在此基础上分析当地民居的院落形制特征、归纳总结建筑单体的平面特征,并根据立面材质总结民居的立面特征,结合屋架做法详述当地民居的建造特征,并对石板房屋顶做法做重点介绍。文章旨在对整个南太行山文化区的民居类型进行补充研究,并希望对山西省太行板块历史人文景观的保护开发利用提供参考。

Pingshun County is located at the junction of Shanxi,Hebei,and Henan provinces,in the South Taihang Mountains.The unique natural and humanistic environment has given birth to folk dwellings which have been adapted to the local people's lifestyle and production needs.Based on historical materials,field mapping,and artisan interviews,the settlement characteristics of the riverside areas and mountain hinterland are discussed.Then,the folk dwellings of Pingshun County are categorized into different types according to the load-bearing form,roof type,and architecture height.On this basis,this paper analyses the courtyard shape and the plane forms of different dwellings.In addition to this,the facade features of the dwellings are summarized according to the facade materials.Then,this paper introduces the construction features of local dwellings together with the truss practices,and in particular,discusses the roofing practices of slate houses.This paper aims to supplement the existing research on the types of dwellings in the entire South Taihang Mountains Cultural District,and hopes to provide reference for the protection and utilization of historical and cultural landscapes of the Taihang plate in Shanxi Province.