不同耕作方式对猕猴桃叶片光合特性和果实品质的影响

Effects of Different Tillages on Leaves Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Kiwifruit

以陕西眉县‘徐香’猕猴桃为试验材料,通过对猕猴桃叶片气体交换参数与光响应曲线及果实品质指标的测定,研究土地清耕(CK)、枝蔓还田(S1)和林下生草(S2)3种土地耕作方式下,猕猴桃叶片光合特性和果实品质的差异。结果表明:与CK相比,S1和S2的光合速率和光响应曲线均差异明显,其中日平均净光合速率分别较CK高14.08%和6.04%,最大净光合速率分别较CK高43.60%和78.10%;S1和S2的果形指数、维生素C质量分数、糖酸比和固酸比等果实品质指标优于CK,其中维生素C质量分数分别较CK高22.76%和12.77%。可见,枝蔓还田和林下生草的土地耕作方式可在不同程度上提高猕猴桃叶片光合作用能力,改善果实品质。对3种土地耕作方式进行科学评价,有益于探索更为合理的猕猴桃果园耕作方式。

The‘Xuxiang’kiwifruit tree in Mei county of Shaanxi was chosen as the study material.This study determined the gas exchange parameters and light response curves of kiwifruit leaves and the fruit quality.Sample plots regarding three kinds of tillage operated in kiwifruit orchard were selected respectively:cleaning underneath as control(CK),pruned branches returning to the field(S1)and planting grasses between trees(S2).The results showed that:in comparison with CK,the photosynthetic rate and light response curves of S1and S2were significantly different.The daily average net photosynthetic rate was14.08%and6.04%higher than that of CK,and the maximum net photosynthetic rate was43.68%and78.10%higher than that of CK,respectively.The fruit quality indexes such as fruit shape index,the mass fraction of vitamin C,sugar-acid ratio and the solid-acid ratio of S1and S2were better than those of CK.The mass fraction of vitamin C in S1and S2treatment was22.76%and12.77%higher than that of CK treatment,respectively.In conclusion,the pruned branches returning to the field(S1)and planting the grasses between the trees(S2)can improve the photosynthetic of kiwifruit trees and make the fruit quality better.