从睡虎地秦简所附《魏户律》看战国后期宗法关系

On the Clan Structure of the Late Warring States Period Focusing on the Household Law of State Wei unearthed from the Shui-hu-di Qin Tomb

睡虎地秦简《魏户律》与《魏奔命律》是研究战国后期法律、军事与政治史的重要文献。但是一直以来,这两条法令的文字训释与条文解释总难以令人满意:既有文字上的训诂失误,也存在着法律主体和法律后果不相对应的法律逻辑问题。在遵循训诂学原则与法律逻辑的前提下,对律文进行整体的重释,可知《魏户律》的适用对象仅为"弃邑居壄"的"赘婿后父"。该条法律禁止的是贫宗男子离开宗族而至邑外郊野入赘女家的行为。《魏户律》与《魏奔命律》一方面反映了战国后期宗法制度及宗族结构全面坏毁的历史,另一方面也显示出统治者以法护礼的意图。

The household law of Wei discovered in the bamboo slips unearthed in the Qin tomb of Shui-hudi(睡虎地),is important for the study of the law,military affairs,and politics of the late Warring States period.Researchers have provided different interpretations of the wording and meaning of the text.Through a complete re-examination of the text,this study concludes that the related legal sanction is particularly applicable to men who had left their original clans to live in other women’s house as son-in-laws.This law reflected the destruction of the patriarchal system and clan organization and the intention of the rulers to maintain the said systems during the Warring States period.