基层治理合法性的多重困境——以安庆市殡葬改革为例

Multiple Dilemmas of Legitimacy of Grassroots Governance——Case Study of Funeral Reform in Anqing City

我国的基层治理往往受困于多方面的合法性标准和目标。对安徽省安庆市Z县Y镇Y村殡葬改革的一项社会调查,为理解这一点提供了经验上的依据。殡葬改革无疑有着合理性和紧迫性,但殡葬改革的合法性在社会舆论与实际民意之间存在着巨大的落差。现代化目标的多层次性也使得殡葬改革的合法性并不能在所有层面都能够得到同步实现。村干部作为改革具体的实施者,其所采取的也只是一种处于制度"灰色地带"非正式的合法化策略,这只能一定程度搁置实体性争议。协商民主对于解决合法性争议有着严重的局限性,不仅可能牺牲其他合法性目标,而且还忽视了中国现代化基于自上而下的"赶超战略"所形成的时间紧迫性。基层治理合法性的多重困境不可能被完全解决,而只能在一定程度上通过再造熟人和主观程序正义被缓解。

Chinese grassroots governance is often bound by multi-faceted legitimacy standards and goals.A social survey of the funeral reform of Y village,Y Town,Z County,Anqing City Anhui province provides the basis of experience for understanding it.From the actual survey,funeral reform no doubt has basic rationality and urgency.But there is huge gap between public opinions and factual popular wills about the legitimacy of funeral reform.Because of the multilayedness of modernization goals,legitimacy of funeral reform cannot be achieved in all levels.Village cadres are concrete implementers of funeral reform,but they can only adopt a kind of informal legitimate strategy within a non-institutional graying zone,which lays aside legitimacy disputes about essential goals temporarily to a certain degree.Deliberative democracy has great limitation for solving legitimacy disputes,which may not only sacrifice other legitimacy goals,but also neglect time urgency of Chinese modernization based on top-down"catching-up strategy".The multiple legitimacy dilemmas cannot be solved completely.It can only be relieved by constructing acquaintance and subject procedural justice to a certain degree.