美国应急管理法律体系特点分析与启示

Analysis on the Legal System of Emergency Management in the USA

为了深入分析美国应急管理法律,研究美国应急管理法律体系特点,提出将美国应急管理法律体系分为专门、相关和其它应急管理法律三类的系统归类方法。通过归类,采用归纳分析的方法,从美国联邦政府层面和州政府层面两个角度出发,分别对各层面的应急管理法律作了分析总结。通过对联邦应急管理法律的分析,发现了联邦应急管理法律的主要作用是政府协作、职责划分和行动授权等。通过对州层面及路易安娜州应急管理法律的分析,发现了州应急管理法律起到了进一步推动地方应急管理工作发展的作用。在分析的基础上,总结了美国应急管理法律体系的基本特点,提出了健全和完善我国应急管理法律体系的建议。

In order to analyze the United States of America emergency management law in depth, and find the characteristics of the USA emergency management legal system, we put forward to classify the USA emergency management legal system into three categories: specialized, related, and other emergency management laws. Through categorization and adopting the method of induction and analysis, from the perspectives of the federal government and the states government, the emergency management laws at both levels have been analyzed and summarized. Through the analysis of federal emergency management laws, we have found that the main role of federal emergency management law is government cooperation, division of responsibilities, and action authorization. By analyzing the emergency management laws at the state level and taking Louisiana as an example, we have found that state emergency management laws played a role in further promoting the development of local emergency management. Based on the analysis, we summarize the basic characteristics of the USA emergency management legal system and put forward suggestions for improving and perfecting China s emergency management legal system.