城市暴雨灾害影响及气象服务技术综述与案例分析

Review of Urban Rainstorm Disaster Effects and Meteorological Service Technology and its Case Analysis

为进一步提高城市暴雨气象服务效益,梳理和分析了近10年来城市暴雨灾害事件,发现城市居民和供水、供电、通讯、交通等"生命线"系统作为主要的承灾体,其易损性呈现链式反应的特征,为此剖析了城市暴雨决策和公众气象服务在暴雨发生前、发生时、发生后的阶段性特征。以2017年6月21～24日北京地区暴雨过程为例,详细分析了暴雨发生不同阶段决策和公众气象服务的服务内容和方式方法,总结经验,提出服务中打破传统的"决策先行"理念、加强新资料新方法的应用、发展灾害影响评估等思路和建议,旨在不断提高城市暴雨气象服务的能力,以期为更好地做好气象保障服务提供借鉴和参考。

For the further improvement of urban rainstorm service efficiency,we sorted out and analyzed the urban rainstorm disaster incidents in the last ten years,and found that city dwellers,and the“lifeline”systems such as water supply,power supply,communications,transportation etc.,as the major hazard-affected bodies,which show a vulnerability featuring chain reactions.On the basis of it,we analyzed the stage features of urban rainstorm decision-making and public meteorological services before,in,and after the rainstorm.To take the rainstorm from Jun.21 to Jun.24,2017 in Beijing as an example,we analyzed the decisions-making at different stages of the rainstorm in detail,as well as the service contents and methods of public meteorological service.We also summed up experiences and put forward suggestions,such as breaking the traditional idea of“decision-making first”,strengthening the application of new materials and methods,developing evaluation of disaster effects,with an aim to improve urban rainstorm meteorological services.It’s hoped to provide references for better meteorological services.