论秦汉饥荒的分布特点及救荒措施

Discuss on Distribution Features and Relief Measures of Famine during the Qin and Han Dynasties

秦汉饥荒持续时间长、波及范围广且分布不甚平衡。对秦汉饥荒及相关问题的研究为认识当时的社会生活和口人地理具有重大意义。结合文献记载和前人成果,通过计量研究及区域对比,特从秦汉饥荒的时空分布特点、饥荒产生原因和救荒措施等方面对其加以论述。秦汉时期的56次饥荒分布于全国13州部,其中以关东地区最为严重。赈济钱粮、迁徙饥民、减免赋役、去奢从俭等措施的践行,标志着秦汉饥荒救助体系趋于完善,也对当代防灾救灾具有借鉴作用。

The features of famine in the Qin and Han dynasties are long duration,extensive effect,and unbalanced distribution,so it’s of great significance to carry out a research on the famines and the related matters in the Qin and Han dynasties for getting some knowledge of the social life and the geography at that time.Based on the literature records and previous research results,we discuss the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of famine,the causes of famine and the measures to relieve famine by means of data statistics and regional comparison.In the Qin and Han dynasties,56 famines are distributed in 13 states of the country,of which Guandong was the most serious.The famine relief measures such as relief of money and food,migration of famine victims,remission of tax,eliminating extravagance and practising frugality,mark the optimizing famine relief system formed in the Qin and Han dynasties,which can also serve as a reference for disaster prevention and relief nowadays.