汉字形义与虚词的发展——兼议对外汉字教学

The Form and Meaning of Chinese Characters and the Development of Function Words with a Discussion of the Chinese Character Teaching to Speakers of Other Languages

以字形分析和字义诠释来厘辨现代汉语的词义与用法,在对外汉语教学界屡见不鲜。但因理解有异,释字法也就花样不同。又因实词易解,故释形索义多见实词,难觅虚词。本文先论汉字形义中所蕴字理为释形索义可依之据;次以"于""及"虚化为例探究汉字字理对词义和虚词发展过程的影响限制作用,从而证明依字理的释形索义法对词义理解和虚词研究有可鉴之处;文末简议对外汉字教学的原则与方法,提倡汉字字理与教学实际相结合的"字理实用教学法"。

In the field of teaching Chinese as a second language,it is common to distinguish the meanings and uses of Chinese words by analyzing the forms and compositions of Chinese characters.There are various methods in the field,but it is rare to see a study specially annotating the meaning of function words among the methods.This paper attempts to demonstrate that there is a way to understand the development of function words based on the principles of the composition of Chinese characters.To reach this goal,this paper first illustrates the features of the composition of Chinese characters and the role of the principles in the explanation of word meanings,and then argues that the principles can not only help to understand the meanings of words but also lay a clue leading to find out the development of Chinese function words through a specific study on the historical changes of the two words于(yu)and及(ji).Finally,this paper suggests a few pedagogical methods of teaching Chinese characters to the students who study Chinese as a second language.