宁夏六盘山区夏季避暑旅游气候舒适度分析

Effect Analysis of Climate Change on Summer Tourism Climate Comfortableness in Liupan Mountain Areas of Ningxia

采用1981年以来宁夏六盘山区各地夏季气象资料,从体感温度角度分析不同舒适度等级日数分布特征及对其有直接影响的气温、相对湿度和风速的效应。结果表明:(1)六盘山气候湿凉,不适宜避暑;其他地区年平均适宜避暑日数57. 5～68. 6 d,其中最适宜日数10. 9～17. 9 d,均以7月最多。(2)随着气候变暖,避暑旅游舒适度提高,适宜避暑日数显著增加,增加幅度2. 8～5. 1 d·(10 a)-1,除海原外其他地区最适宜日数增加最多,增加幅度为2. 0～2. 7 d·(10 a)-1; 6月适宜避暑日数的显著增加对整个夏季适宜避暑日数的增加贡献最大。(3)各地适宜避暑日数在1994—2004年间发生突变,突变后达到64. 8～71. 6 d,占夏季日数的70. 4%～77. 8%。(4)总体上,气温升高和风速减小对六盘山区避暑旅游气候舒适度具有正效应,相对湿度减小为负效应,气候由冷凉湿润变得更加温热干爽。

Using the meteorological data in summer of Liupan Mountain area in Ningxia during1981-2016,and focusing on the apparent temperature,we analyzed the days distribution characteristic of different comfortableness level and the direct influences of temperature,relative humidity and wind speed.The results are as follows:(1)The climate in Liupan Mountain was cooler and wetter,it was not suitable for summering most of the time.The suitable summer days in other areas were57.5-68.6d,the most comfortable days were10.9-17.9d,and both the suitable summer days and the most comfortable days were maximum in July.(2)With climate warming,the summer tourism climate comfortableness improved and the suitable summer days increased significantly with the range of2.8-5.1d·(10a)^-1,and the largest increase of the most comfortable days occurred in areas except Haiyuan.The increase of the suitable summer days in June was the biggest contributor.(3)The suitable summer days had an abrupt change in these areas between1994and2004,there was about64.8-71.6d and the percentage reached70.4%-77.8%after abrupt change.(4)As a whole,the rise of temperature and decrease of wind speed had positive effect on the summer tourism climate comfortableness,and the decrease of relative humidity had a negative effect,the climate became warmer and drier.