南京大屠杀文化记忆的后现代转向

On the Postmodern turn of the Cultural memory of the Nanjing Massacre

南京大屠杀文化记忆是一个社会建构的过程。南京大屠杀这段惨痛历史本身并不会陈述事实真相,这种陈述是由社会来完成的。从历史记忆到文化记忆,今天人们对于南京大屠杀的记忆和理解都出现了许多新的变化,这些变化并不意味着南京大屠杀历史本身发生了变化,而是人们理解南京大屠杀历史的社会语境发生了改变。后现代思潮的兴起仅仅是社会语境改变的一个缩影。在后现代思潮的影响下,对以理性主义、逻各斯中心主义为代表的现代性的反思,对一元化的消解以及对多元化的推崇,成为当代人文社会科学研究重要的价值取向。正是在这种注重多元的后现代思潮的影响下,南京大屠杀历史与南京大屠杀记忆的结合逐渐衍生出多种形态的文化记忆,从"文本记忆"到"身体记忆",从"内容记忆"到"仪式记忆",从"人之记忆"到"地之记忆"等。这些形态各异的文化记忆,从记忆主体、记忆内容到记忆形式都突破了传统历史书写的范畴,日趋多元和立体。

The cultural memory of the Nanjing Massacre is the result of a social construction.The tragic history of Nanjing Massacre itself could not tell the truth,only the society could provide a complete interpretation.Therefore,the evolution of the Nanjing Massacre historical memory illustrates the changing of the social context in which people understand the history.The rise of the thought of postmodernism is only a microcosm of the change of social context.Influenced by the thought of postmodernism,the introspection on modernity represented by rationalism and logos centralism,the deconstruction of monism,and the promotion of pluralism have become the important value orientation of contemporary social science research,which result in the combination of the history and the memory.Thus the Nanjing Massacre has gradually spawned various forms of historical memory,from“text memory”to“body memory”,from“content memory”to“ritual memory”,from“human memory”to“location memory”.These new forms of historical memory of the Nanjing Massacre have broken the category of traditional historical writing,illustrated the evolution on memory subject,memory content,and memory forms,making the memory of the Nanjing Massacre diverse and stereoscopic.