南京大屠杀历史认知:对中国、日本及西方民众的调查

Historical Perception of the Nanjing Massacre:A Survey among the public in China,Japan,and the West

本文从史实、纪念馆、国家公祭、历史和解四个方面,调查中、日及西方国家民众对南京大屠杀的历史认知差异,分析认知特征及产生差异的政治根源。依据调查,中国受访者对南京大屠杀史实的认知度高,态度积极,但也存在分歧;日本受访者对南京大屠杀史实认知度较高,但对纪念馆、国家公祭的认知度低,且对中日和解态度相对消极,回避倾向明显;西方国家受访者对南京大屠杀的认知度低,理解各有偏重,但态度积极。导致民众认知度不同的主因是战后国际形势与政府态度的影响,而要以南京大屠杀问题为纽带实现中日历史问题的和解,需要中日放下分歧,一起面对。

Based on the historical facts,memorials,national public memorial ceremony and historical reconciliation,this paper made a survey on the difference of historical perception of the Nanjing Massacre among the public in China,Japan and the Western countries,and analyzed the cognitive characteristics and the political causes of the differences.According to the survey,Chinese respondents have a high level of awareness and positive attitude towards the historical facts of the Nanjing Massacre,but some other opinions also exist;Japanese respondents have a high level awareness of the historical facts of the Nanjing Massacre,but they show low awareness of the memorials and national public memorial ceremony with a relatively negative attitude towards the Sino-Japanese reconciliation and an obvious tendency to avoid this survey;the respondents of the Western countries have low awareness of the Nanjing Massacre with different focus in their understanding,but their attitude is positive.The main reason for the differences in the public s awareness and the change of attitude is the influence of the post-war international situation and government attitudes.To achieve the reconciliation of the historical issues between China and Japan through the Nanjing Massacre as a link,China and Japan shall set aside differences and face the issues together.