新高考科目方案的“顺承”与选择“瓶颈”

Compliance and Bottleneck in the Subject Selection for the New GAOKAO

高考制度自20世纪50年代确立以来不断嬗变,在此过程中科目变化是其主要内容之一。在六十多年的历程中,高考科目呈现出其自身所特有的规律与特征。新科目方案在如数量轮回趋同、科目内容统分、科目组合固化与选择等历史基础上"顺承"与"创新",产生新的变化结果:"3+3"方案。从历史角度分析这一变化的合理性与承接点,理清科目变化适应社会人才专业性、核心素养与知识能力结构要求的本质。进一步分析新科目选择的公平性、可操作性、效率性"瓶颈",尝试试点采用共享资源、政策倾斜、提高选择能力等突破策略,现实性贯彻新高考的扩大选择改革宗旨。

The college entrance examination system (Gaokao) has experienced the continuous evolution of the subjects since its establishment of the 1960s that present unique principles and characteristics.The historical transformation of the subjects are characterized by the cyclic convergence of numbers,the unity of subject content,the solidification and selection of subject integration,which are reasonably inherited and innovated in the new “3+3” scheme.This article examined the rationality and convergence of its historical evolution to display its adaptive essence of transformation in line with specialty,core literacy,and knowledge constructs required by the society.It further explored the fairness,applicability,and efficient bottlenecks of the new subjects,and the pilot through-breaking tactics like resources share,policy inclination and alternative flexibility,to realistically approach the aim of the reform of the new Gaokao.