从四个视角看改革开放40年中国文学

Chinese Literature in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up from Four Perspectives

改革开放40年,中国文学走过了不同寻常的道路,经历了自身的变革,也涌现出不少优秀作品。改革开放40年,文学的发展除了受到媒介文化环境、政治制度、意识形态、文艺政策和经济环境的影响,还有几只无形的手在操控其发展和变化,那就是文学的机制,包括作家协会机制、市场机制、学院机制和民间机制。改革开放40年也涌现出朦胧诗歌、女性写作、金庸现象、莫言现象和曹文轩现象等,且对这些现象缺乏很好的研究,通行的几种文学史的写作还没有很好地分析它们背后的社会因素,也未阐释好它们的文学价值和文化价值,特别是对于金庸、莫言、曹文轩和刘慈欣等都还缺乏准确的认识。

In the past40years of reform and opening-up,Chinese literature has gone through an unusual road,experienced its own changes,and also emerged many excellent works.The development of literature has been influenced not only by the cultural environment,political system,ideology,literary and artistic policies and economic environment of the media,but also by the invisible hand.That is the mechanism of literature,including writer association mechanism,market mechanism,college mechanism and civilian mechanism.In the past40years,the"obscure poetry""female writing",Jinyong,Mo Yan and Cao Wenxuan have also emerged on which there is a lack of good research.Several popular literary history writings have not well analyzed the social factors behind them,nor explained their literary and cultural values.Especially for Jin Yong,Mo Yan,Cao Wenxuan and Liu Cixin,there is still a lack of accurate understanding.